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Emphasis on: cognitive structures and social development.
Teacher has unobtrusive role in classroom activity; child is an active participant in learning
Environment and method encourage internal self-discipline
Instruction, both individual and group, adapts to each stu-dent’s learning style
Mixed age grouping
Children are encouraged to teach, collaborate, and help each other
Child chooses own work front interests and abilities
Child formulates own concepts from self-teaching material:
Child works as long as s/he wishes on chosen project
Child sets own learning pace to internalize information
Child spots own errors through feedback from the material
Learning is reinforced internally through the child’s own repetition of an activity and internal feelings of success
Multi-sensory materials for physical exploration
Organized program for learning care of self and environ-ment (polishing shoes, cleaning the sink, etc.)
Child can work where s/lie is comfortable, moves around and talks at will (yet disturbs not the work of others); group work is voluntary and negotiable
Organized program for parents to understand the Montessori philosophy and participate in the learning process
Traditional
Emphasis on: rote knowledge and social development
Teacher has dominant, active role in classroom activity; child is a passive participant in learning
Teacher acts as primary enforcer of external discipline
Instruction, both individual and group, conforms to the adult’s teaching style
Same age grouping
Most teaching is done by teacher and collaboration is discouraged
Curriculum structured for child with little regard for child’s interests
Child is guided to concepts by teacher
Child generally given specific time limit for work
Instruction pace usually set by group norm or teacher
If work is corrected, errors usually pointed out by teacher
Learning is reinforced externally by rote repetition and rewards/discouragements
Fewer materials for sensory development and concrete manipulation
Less emphasis on self-care instruction and classroom maintenance
Child usually assigned own chair; encouraged to sit still and listen during group sessions
Voluntary parent involvement, often only as fundraisers,
not participants in understanding the learning process
American Montessori Society
150 Filth Avenue, Suite 203 New York, N.Y. 10011-4384 212 924-3209 FAX 212 727-2254